Efficient filtration is a key component for a clean, healthy, thriving aquarium. Typical stocking densities (in relation to water volume) of fish, plants, corals, and invertebrates far exceed levels one would ever find in nature. The biological waste products emitted by aquarium inhabitants must be effectively removed and metabolized before they become toxic. Aquarium filters are available in various configurations and provide mechanical, biological, chemical filtration, as well as oxygenation.

Mechanical Filtration

An essential form of filtration, it involves the removal of particulate waste from the water. Most filter media serve to mechanically filter the water to some degree. Mechanical filter media, which is very fine (like polyester), will trap greater quantities of debris and plug more rapidly.

To properly exploit the advantages of mechanical filtration, regularly remove accumulated debris. This will help support superior oxygen levels, stable water conditions and reduce nitrate accumulations.

Chemical Filtration

The active control and change of specific water characteristics. Filter media and various products exist that remove chlorine, eliminate medications after disease treatments, neutralize heavy metal ions and effect changes in hardness and pH levels.

This form of filtration is particularly useful when the characteristics of source water are known (easily achieved through the use of basic test kits). Specific chemical filter media should be used to optimize water conditions for various groups of fish and plants.